ART reduces TB risk, even in high-income countries

Quantifying the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients has been difficult. Several studies have shown a lower rate of TB among HIV-infected patients who are receiving ART than among those who are not. However, during the first few months of treatment, TB rates may be elevated because of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).